在雅思阅读中，文章中存在的一些信号词是解答题目的关键。‘signal words’就像是大海航行中的忽明忽暗的信号指示灯，指引着船只前行。阅读文章时，对这些具有指示意义的信号词要多加敏感，因为很有可能答案就在附近。

　　雅思阅读中无处不在的信号词

　　信号词分为两大类：一个是传统的信号词;另一个就是非传统的信号词。传统的信号词是表顺接和递进，表对比和转折，表相似，表时间先后关系，表排列次序，表因果关系，表举例和说明关系。而非传统的信号词则是常常被忽视的细节，但是根据剑桥的出题思路和模式。一起看看它们是什么：

　　雅思阅读的传统信号词

　　一、顺接和递进

　　例词：also, furthermore, moreover, what is more, in addition…

　　考点：And Western scientists are starting to draw on this wisdom…

　　解析：And 在这句话开头，有一定的递进含义， this wisdom则是指代了前面一句话出现的their wealth of traditional knowledge(因纽特人传统的知识)，所以这两句话有紧密的联系，同学们在读题的时候要通过发现信号词，然后发散地看它的前后句，最后把考点考察的意思补充完整。

　　二、对比和转折

　　例词：however, but, although, nevertheless, on the other hand, by comparison…

　　考点：However, we believe that credit must be extended in association with other types of support that help participants develop critical life skills as well as productive businesses.

　　题目中出现了conclude的字眼，总结段落一般是在文章的最后，然而带有转折信号词however 这句话，显然就是文章的考点所在。

　　三、相似

　　例词：similarly, in other words, that is, put another way…

　　考点：In other words, we became aware of the obvious fact that there were ‘limits to growth’.

　　解析：In other words 是解释，换一种说法，通常会以更加简单易懂，清晰的话语陈述出难点，常常难点是考点出没的地方。

　　四、时间先后

　　例词：firstly, second, next, then, now, later, since, eventually, finally…

　　考点：Three factors are involved in this change. First is an awareness of the severity of the problem. Second, a number of resources to help tackle bullying have become available in Britain…Third, there is evidence that these materials work, and that schools can achieve something.

　　解析：段落结构很清楚，主要是因为有表达顺序的信号词First、second、third，让我们认识这段是在讲，侍强凌弱这种现象已经开始改变，主要是从三个方面入手：意识、资源、监督。这种发展让学校有了更多的方法和有效途径解决存在的问题。这里的First、second、third提示我们三个方面，同时也是一个发展的过程。

　　五、排列次序

　　例词：another, the second, the most, the best…

　　考点：Most important of all, the traditional measures of ‘risk’, such as parents’age and education, or whether they were a single parent, bore little or no relationship to the measures of achievement and language development.

　　解析：most important of all 强调了最重要的事情，也就是文中比较重要的结论要出炉了。Single parents是题目中的关键词，同样在这一句里出现了，我们可以利用对信号词的敏感度，快速抓住文章的考点，进行局部精读。

　　六、强调作用

　　例词：in fact, in essence, in particular, emphasize…

　　考点：This, in essence, is the problem of modern sociobiology- to discover the degree to which hard-wired genetic programming dictates…

　　解析：信息包含题考察细节是在那个段落出现，在做此类题目时，要注意信号词与考点的密切相关性，从而迅速找准答案。这里出现了in essence (实质上)， 起了一定的强调作用，迅速扫读后，发现同时出现了题目关键词sociobiology, 破折号后面的介词to是表目的与题目中的the general aim of一致对应。

　　七、因果关系

　　例词：as, because, since, lead to, as a result, result in, consequently, therefore, thus, the caused of…

　　考点：The fourth question concerned the causes of the destruction of rainforests. Perhaps encouragingly, more than half of the pupils (59%) identified that it is human activities, which are destroying rainforests…

　　解析：这道简答题的文本题就是问the reason for the loss of rainforests， 所以我们可以同通过原因信号词，判断考点的方位。

　　八、举例子和说明

　　例词：for example, for instance, that is to say, i.e., such as, including…

　　考点： Other substances were then introduced: including fillers, such as woodflour, asbestos or cotton…

　　解析：我们看到such as后面是举例子，such as 后面的例子可以作为定位词，woodflour, asbestos, cotton就是fillers的其中一种。Fillers 在这里就是一个概括性的词语，常常是考点。

　　雅思阅读的非传统信号词

　　一、表达客观结论

　　例词：indicate that, point out, report that, demonstrate that…,suggest that, find out, conclude that,

　　考点：But Byers points out that the benefits of increased exercise disappear rapidly after training stops, so any improvement in endurance resulting from juvenile play would be lost by adulthood.

　　解析：文章中定位人名就比较好找到答案，但是一旦表达客观结论的信号词与人名同时出现时，就是考点出没的地方了。

　　二、特殊符号

　　例词： ‘word’, ——, word…

　　考点：In very significant cases of role change, e.g. from a soldier in the ranks to officer, from bachelor to married man, the change of role has to have a very obvious sign, hence rituals.

　　解析：文中斜体的部分其实就是考察的考点，这里只要能判断，需要填写的单词是斜体部分，照抄过来就可以轻松拿分。

　　三、表达主观观点

　　例词：say, believe, argue that, maintain that, claim…

　　考点：The UCSF researchers maintain that the simplest and most cost-effective action is to establish smoke-free work places, schools and public places.

　　解析：这道分类题考察区分a finding和an opinion。表达个人观点(an opinion)带有一定的主观性，所用的信号词显然与客观事实发现(a finding)的有所区别。

　　大家要掌握每一类信号词对文章段落的结构起的作用和意义，帮助你快速判断文章和题目，找到正确答案。需要反复操练和琢磨，才可以真正实现信号词的作用。希望今天分享的内容可以帮助大家更好的应考。

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