逻辑单题一

    　　AlthoughthepercentageoffirstgradersinAlmariawhowereexcellentreadersvariedlittlebetween1995and2010,thepercentageoffirstgraderswhohadconsiderabledifficultyreadingtheirschoolbooksincreasedmarkedlyduringthatperiod.Thisevidencestronglyindicatesthattheaveragereadingabilityoffirstgradersdecreasedbetween1995and2010.

    　　10.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,providesthestrongestadditionalsupportfortheargument?

    　　A.Thenumberofhoursdevotedtoreadingactivitiesinfirst-gradeclassroomsinAlmariadidnotvarysignificantly,onaverage,between1995and2010.

    　　B.ThepercentageoffirstgradersinAlmariawhohaddifficultysolvingarithmeticproblemsdidnotincreaseasmuchbetween1995and2010asdidthepercentageoffirstgraderswhohadreadingdifficulties.

    　　C.ThenumberofchildreninAlmariawhowereenrolledasfirstgradersdecreasedsteadilybetween1995and2010.

    　　D.Theaveragedifficultyoftheschoolbooksusedinfirst-gradeclassroomsinAlmariadecreasedbetween1995and2010.

    　　E.Theaveragenumberofschoolbooksusedinfirst-gradeclassroomsinAlmariaincreasedbetween1995and2010.

    　　答案：D

    　　逻辑单题二

    　　Cottongrass,whichgrowsonlyinarcticregions,hasbeentheonlysummertimesourceofproteinavailabletocaribou.Caribouthatdonotgetadequateamountsofproteininthesummerareunabletoreproducethefollowingyear.Risingaveragetemperaturesinarcticregions,however,arecausingcottongrasstodisappear.Therefore,ifthewarmingtrendcontinues,caribouarelikelytobecomeextinct.

    　　9.Whichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichtheargumentdepends?

    　　A.cottongrassistheonlyoneofthecaribou’sfoodsourcesthatisbecomingscarceastemperaturesriseinarcticregions.

    　　B.caribouthatdonoteatenoughproteintoreproducedonotliveaslongascaribouthatdo

    　　C.Thewarmingtrendinarcticregionswillnotenableotherplantscapableofprovidingproteintocariboutogrowthere.

    　　D.Thecaribouistheonlyanimalthatdependsoncottongrassasamajorsourceoffood.

    　　E.Ifthewarmingtrendcontinuesandcottongrassdisappearsfromarcticregions,thencottongrasswillbeextinct.

    　　答案：C

    　　逻辑单题三

    　　Inmountainousregions,thetimberlineisthehighestaltitudeatwhichtreesgrow.IntheRockyMountains,thecurrenttimberlineisatthealtitudeabovewhichgrowingseasontemperaturesremaincoolerthan10degreescentigrade.Fossilizedremainsoftreesthatgrew10,000yearsagohavebeenfound100metersabovethecurrentRockyMountaintimberline.Clearly,therefore,theclimateoftheRockyMountainsiscoolernowthanitwas10,000yearsago.

    　　8.Whichofthefollowingisanassumptiononwhichtheargumentrelies?

    　　A.Inthepast10,000years,theonlytreestohavegrownabovetoday'stimberlinearethetreeswhosefossilizedremainsbeenfound.

    　　B.Notreesgrew10,000yearsagoataltitudeshigherthantheonesatwhichfossilizedtreeremainshavebeenfound.

    　　C.Thefossilsarenotofspeciesoftreesthatwereabletotoleratecoolergrowingtemperaturesthanarethespeciesthatcurrentlygrownearthetimberline.

    　　D.TheRockyMountainshavenoterodedsignificantlyoverthepast10,000years.

    　　E.TheclimateoftheRockyMountainshasneverbeensignificantlywarmerthanduringthelifetimeofthetreeswhosefossilizedremainshavebeenfound.

    　　答案：C

    　　逻辑单题四

    　　Althoughinitiallysymptomless,glaucomacaneventuallycauseblindnesswhennotproperlytreated.Testsunderlaboratoryconditionsofthetraditionaltreatment,dailyadministrationofeyedrops,showittobeaseffectiveinrelievingtheinternalocularpressurethatcausesglaucomaasisanewlaser-surgicalprocedure.Yetglaucoma-relatedblindnessoccursinasignificantlysmallerpercentageofpatientswhohavehadthesurgerythanofpatientsforwhomonlytheeyedroptreatmentwasprescribed.

    　　7.Whichoffollowing,iftrue,mosthelpstoexplainthelowrateglaucoma-relatedblindnessamongpatientswhohadthesurgery?

    　　A.Glaucoma-relatedblindnessisnomorecommonamongpatientswhohavehadonlythesurgerythanitisamongpatientswhohadthesurgeryafterusingtheeyedrops

    　　B.Doctorsrarelyrecommendthesurgeryforglaucomapatientswhohavealreadystartedthetraditionalcourseoftreatment

    　　C.Thereisnoknownphysiologicalcauseofglaucomaotherthanincreaseinpressureinsidetheeye

    　　D.Asignificantpercentageofthepeopleforwhomtheeyedroptreatmenthasbeenprescribedfailtofollowtheprescribeddailyregimen,becausetheeyedropshaveunpleasantsideeffects.

    　　E.Theeyedropstraditionallyprescribedtotreatglaucomaarenormallyprescribedtotreatotherdiseaseoftheeye.

    　　答案：D

    　　逻辑单题五

    　　TherearemanystructuralandthematicsimilaritiesbetweenPiersPlowmanbyLangland(1330-1400)andHouseofFamebyChaucer(1342-1400),twoMiddleEnglishpoemsrelatingdreamvisions.SomecriticshavearguedthatbecauseanumberofthesharedelementsareuncommoninMiddleEnglishpoetry,andbecauseLangland’spoemprobablypredatesChaucer’sbyafewyears,ChaucerwasmostlikelyinfluencedbyPiersPlowmanwhenwritingHouseofFame.

    　　5.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,mostseriouslyweakensthecritics’argument?

    　　A.PiersPlowmanisoneofLangland’smajorworks,whereasHouseofFameisaminorworkofChaucer’s.

    　　B.HouseofFamesurvivesinonlythreemanuscriptcopies,substantiallyfewerthanthenumberofmanuscriptcopiesthatexistofPiersPlowman.

    　　C.BecausePiersPlowmanbecameawell-knownworkinitsday,itislikelythatthesimilaritiesbetweenitandHouseofFameweredetectedbymanyofthepeoplewhoreadHouseofFamesoonafterChaucerwroteit.

    　　D.ManyofthethemesandstructuresofPiersPlowmanarealsofoundinLatin,Italian,FrenchworkswithwhichChaucercouldwellhavebeenfamiliar.

    　　E.ThereisnoevidencethatChaucerandLanglandevermetorthattheycorrespondedwitheachotheraboutliterarytopics.

    　　答案：D

    　　逻辑单题六

    　　SportfishersintroducedtheZander,atypeofperch,toBritain’sriversandcanalsinthe1970s.Becausezandereatlargenumbersofsmallerfish,theyhavehadadevastatingeffectonnativefishpopulations.Toprotectthenativefish,agovernmentprogramremovedasignificantproportionofthezanderfromBritain’swaterwayslastyear.Surprisingly,thisyearthelossofnativefishtozanderhasbeengreaterthanbefore.

    　　4.Whichofthefollowing,iftrue,wouldmosthelptoexplainthegreatereffectofzanderonthenativefishpopulation?

    　　A.TheclimateinBritainisverysimilartotheclimateinregionstowhichzanderarenative.

    　　B.Mostofthezanderremovedwerefullygrown,andfullygrownzandereatlargenumbersofsmallerzander.

    　　C.EveryyearalargenumberofzanderarecaughtbysportfisherinBritain’swaterway.

    　　D.PreviousgovernmentprogramdesignedtoremovenonnativespeciesfromBritain’swaterwayshavefailed.

    　　E.ZanderarejustoneofseveralnonnativefishthatpreyontheotherfishfoundinBritain’swaterway.

    　　答案：B

    　　逻辑单题七

    　　Newmethodsdevelopedingeneticresearchhaveledtaxonomiststorevisetheirviewsontheevolutionaryrelationshipsbetweenmanyspecies.Traditionallytherelatednessofspecieshasbeenascertainedbyaclosecomparisonoftheiranatomy.Thenewmethodsinfertheclosenessofanytwospecies’relationshiptoeachotherdirectlyfromsimilaritiesbetweenthespecies’geneticcodes.

    　　3.Whichofthefollowingconclusionsisbestsupportedbytheinformation?

    　　A.Theapparentdegreeofrelatednessofsomespecies,asdeterminedbyanatomicalcriteria,isnotborneoutbytheirdegreeofgeneticsimilarity.

    　　B.Whentheyknowthedifferencesbetweentwospecies’geneticcodes,taxonomistscaninferwhattheobservableanatomicaldifferencesbetweenthosespeciesmustbe.

    　　C.Thedegreetowhichindividualsofthesamespeciesareanatomicallysimilarisdeterminedmorebytheirgeneticcodesthanbysuchenvironmentalfactorsasfoodsupply.

    　　D.Thetraditionalanatomicalmethodsbywhichtaxonomistsinvestigatedtherelatednessofspeciesareincapableofanyfurtherrefinement.

    　　E.Withouttheuseofgeneticmethods,taxonomistswouldneverbeabletoobtainanyaccurateinformationaboutspecies’degreesofrelatednesstooneanother.

    　　答案：A

    　　逻辑单题八

    　　StylisticevidenceandlaboratoryevidencestronglysupporttheclaimthatthemagnificentpaintingGardenofEdenisaworkoftheFlemishmastervanEyck.Nevertheless,thepaintingmusthavebeentheworkofsomeoneelse,asanyonewithalittlehistoricalandzoologicalknowledgecantellmerelybylookingatthepainting.Theanimalsinthepaintingareallvividrepresentationsofactualanimals,includingarmadillos.YetarmadillosarenativeonlytoAmericas,andvanEyckdieddecadesbeforeEuropeansreachedtheAmericas.

    　　2.Intheargumentgiven,thetwohighlightedportionsplaywhichofthefollowingroles?

    　　A.Thefirstisapositionthattheargumentseekstoreject,thesecondisevidencethattheargumentusesagainstthatposition.

    　　B.Thefirstandthesecondareeachpiecesofevidencethathavebeenusedtosupportthepositionthattheargumentopposes.

    　　C.Thefirstpresentsthemainconclusionoftheargument;thesecondprovidesevidenceinsupportofthatconclusion.

    　　D.Thefirstisajudgmentthatservesasthebasisforthemainconclusionoftheargument;thesecondstatesthatmainconclusion.

    　　E.Thefirstisanintermediateconclusiondrawninordertosupportafurtherconclusionstatedintheargument;thesecondprovidesevidenceinsupportofthatintermediateconclusion.

    　　答案：C