GREIssue作文点评

    　　一.开头

    　　Intheargument,the…(主题对象)recommendsthat…(对结论做论述，基本上可以抄原文，用另外一种方式表达即可).Tosupportthisrecommendationtheargumentpointoutthat…(说明文章用了什么论据去证明观点了，同上抄袭即可)however…Thisargumentislogicallyflawedinseveralcriticalrespects(说明这篇文章逻辑上是有缺陷的).

    　　二.攻击论据

    　　1.调查结果没有证据申明

    　　Tobeginwith,theargumentdependsontheassumptionthat…(阐述说出了一个没有根据的申明，并说出文中的原因)—ratherthanforsomeotherreasons.Yetitisentirelypossiblethat…(说明这种猜测可能的原因)orsomeotherfactor.Withoutrulingoutallotherreasonswhy…(重述这个申明)…(说出反方向的结论).

    　　2.提到了样本，但是数据不具有代表性(数据不够)

    　　Firstly,theauthorprovidesnoevidencethatthesurveyisstatisticallyreliable.Perhapsthesurvey’ssampleisnotsufficientinsizeorrepresentativeofthequalityof…(说明对象的数量和质量不够)Forthatmatter,thissurveyisnotstrongenoughtoestablishcausationbetween…(在这里列出原因和结果，做比较)However,theotherreasonsofthesurveywhich(叙述其他原因下的情况).Asaresult,withouttheevidencethatthesurveyisstatisticallyreliabletheauthorcannotjustifiablydrawanyconclusionbyrelyingonthissurvey.

    　　3.猜测，但是没有证据

    　　Thirdly,theargumentassumesthat…(阐述文中的猜测)However,theletterprovidesnoevidencetosubstantiatethisassumption.Infact,thelettersuggeststhatthismightbethecase.Byadmittingthat…,theletterimpliesthat…说明影响他们happy的因素还有其他的方面，不光是研究中所列举

    　　三.攻击论证过程

    　　1.时间上的错误类比

    　　Tobeginwith,…(陈述某个数据)maynotareliabledateofthatratewouldbenow(和现在相比较是不可信的).Perhapsthe…(反例),Forthatmatter,perhaps…(说出反例的情况下会导致何种结果).Inshort,withoutrulingoutotherpossiblereasonsfor…(假设说出针对反例应该怎么做)thememo’sauthorcannotconvincemeonthebasisof…(说出应该有的结论)

    　　2.错误的因果关系

    　　3.两个事实错误的类比

    　　Evenif…(让步，即使某个条件成立)theargumentunfairlyassumesthat…(说明错误的类比的情况).Itisentirelypossiblethatthe…(比较对象)owndifferentsituations.Perhaps…(具体说出反例)Withoutaccountingforsuchdifferencesbetweenthetwoplacesisunreliable.

    　　4.错误的推论

    　　Evenif…(让步，即使某个条件成立)theargumentreliedonthefutureassumptionthat…(说出要让步的是事实).Yettheonlyevidencetheargumentoffertosubstantiatethisassumption(说出文中的根据).Perhaps…(说出有可能出现的其他情况导致这个事实)ifso,(说出不一样的结果，与上面事实相矛盾).Or…(其他的情况)Inshort,withoutmoreinformationabout…(对上面的可能情况总结)wereestablisheditisimpossibletoassess…(回到上面的结论).

    　　四.结论的攻击

    　　说明结论不完美，可以有其他的方法

    　　Finally,theargumentfailstoconsider…(有更好的办法实现目标).Perhapsby…(办法一),orby(办法二),(对目标进行展望)Inshort,withoutweighingthesuggestionagainstalternatives,itisunconvincingthat(说明提供的方案不好).

    　　赢利

    　　Finally,evenifthefamiliessupporttobuildthenewseafoodrestaurant,therestaurantwouldnotnecessarilybeprofitableasaresult.Profitabilityisafunctionofbothrevenueandexpense.Thus,itisquitepossiblethattherestaurant’scostsofobtaininghigh-qualityandhealthyseafoodorofnewpromotingrestaurantmightrenderitunprofitabledespiteitspopularity.Withoutweighingrevenueagainstexpensestheargument’sconclusionisprematureatbest.

    　　同时叙述两个错误的论据

    　　Thememoalsomakestwohastyassumptionsabout…(说明两个猜想相关的内容).Onesuchassumptionisthat…(第一个猜想的情况说明).Itisentirelypossiblethat…(反例).Anotherassumptionisthat(另外一个错误的猜想)Commonsenseinformsmethat(反例)

    　　Furthermore,thedifferenceinthetwofirms’overallplacementtimelastyeardoesnotnecessarilyindicatethatDelanywouldbethebetterchoicetoserveXYZ’slaid-offemployees.Theseemployeesmighthaveparticularskillsorneedsthatarenotrepresentativeofthetwofirm’sclientsingeneral.Besides,oneyear’splacementstatisticshardlysufficienttodrawanyfirmconclusions.

    　　五.结尾段

    　　Insum,theargumentseemslogical,butisbasedonnothingmorethanpurespeculationandperhapswishfulthinking,yetlackofsomewarrantedinvestigation.Tostrengthit,theauthorneedstoevaluateallpossiblealternativesandprovidedetailandcomprehensiveevidencebeforejumpingtotheconclusionthat…(文中的结论)