【启德考培】雅思学术类阅读一个小时3篇文章，文本长度在2800-3500字之间。如果想突破7分，一个必须攻克的障碍就是如何在压力阅读之下迅速抓住句子的最重要传输的内容，需要解决就是快速读懂长难句。

一般来说，雅思阅读长难句构成有以下几类句子：

一、加复杂修饰的简单句例

At various points in evolutionary history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched(炎热的，干旱的) deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular(细胞的) fluids. (剑9 Test 1 Passage 3)

二、并列句

如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接，最常见的并列连词有and, or 和but。

例：An alien civilisation could choose many different ways of sending information across the galaxy(星系), but many of these either require too much energy, or else are severely attenuated (衰减的)while traversing the vast distances across the galaxy.(剑9 Test 1 Passage 2)

三、各种从句

从句不能单独成句，但它也有主语部分和谓语部分，就像一个句子一样。从句可以分为：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。前四类从句在句子的功用相当于名词，所以通称名词性从句;定语从句功能相当于形容词，称为形容词性从句;而状语从句功能相当于副词，称为副词性从句。

例：Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. (剑9 Test 1 Passage 2)

四、插入语结构

插入语一般是对句子的某个成分的解释或补充说明，前后有逗号与其他句子成分分开，比较容易识别。

例：The International Institute of Noise Control Engineering (l-INCE), on the advice of the World Health Organization, has established an international working party, which includes New Zealand, to evaluate noise and reverberation(混响，反射) control for school rooms. (剑9 Test 2 Passage 1)

五、后置定语修饰成分多

例：A few years ago, in one of the most fascinating and disturbing experiments in behavioural psychology, Stanley Milgram of Yale University tested 40 subjects from all walks of life for their willingness to obey instructions given by a “leader” in a situation in which the subjects might feel a personal distaste for the actions they were called upon to perform. (5A0102)

六、倒装结构及其他

在英语当中，主语和谓语有两种顺序：一种和汉语一致，即主语在前;另外一种顺序是谓语在主语前面，即倒装。阅读中一般会出现以not only等否定连词和never, seldom rarely, hardly等否定副词引导的倒装句。理解倒装句，就要把它转换成普通语句，把倒装语序还原为自然语序，在自然语序下理解句子。

例：In a dispute, not only do the interests of one party not coincide with those of the other party, but they are in conflict.

那么如何解决长难句呢？

一、要有意识地分析每个句子的主干结构

比如“洁白可爱的小绵羊蹦蹦跳跳欢快活泼地在一望无垠的广阔草原上幸福愉快地吃着鲜嫩碧绿的青草”。这个句子基本可以浓缩为：小绵羊在吃草。

二、层次化的思想

用括号匹配的方法变成若干简单句的集合；平时练习的时候有意识的把可以识别出来的修饰和从句用括号扩起来；对于每一个简单句来说，任何一个简单句可以变成基本句型和非主干成分。前者可以直接转换成为中文。

三、非主干成分

如果是定语，前置理解；如果是同位语或插入语，删除；如果是状语，隔离看主句。