听力部分

　　1. cheese

　　2. beach

　　3. market

　　4. helicopter

　　5. film

　　6. rock/tree climbing

　　7. hostel

　　8. fishing

　　9. Camping

　　10. towel

　　11-12 选择

　　11. B

　　12. A

　　13-14 填空

　　13. helpers

　　14. volunteers

　　15-18 配对

　　15. A

　　16. B

　　17. C

　　18. A

　　19-20 选择

　　19.D

　　20. E

　　21-26 选择

　　21. B

　　22. E

　　23. G

　　24. challenging content

　　25.practical focus

　　26-30 填空

　　26. lectures

　　27. vocabulary

　　28. grammar

　　29.writing

　　30. strict

　　31. B

　　32. C

　　33. C

　　34. C

　　35. A

　　36. spider

　　37. space

　　38. electricity

　　39. decoration

　　40. skin

　　阅读部分

　　William Gilbert and Magnetism

　　A16th and 17th centuries saw two great pioneers of modern science:

　　Galileoand Gilbert. The impact of their findings is eminent. Gilbert was the firstmodern scientist, also the accredited father of the science of electricity andmagnetism, an Englishman of learning and a physician at the court of Elizabeth.Prior to him, all that was known of electricity and magnetism was what theancients knew, nothing more than that the lodestone possessed magneticproperties and that amber and jet, when rubbed, would attract bits of paper orother substances of small specific gravity. However, he is less well-known thanhe deserves.

　　BGilbert's birth predated Galileo. Born in an eminent local family in Colchestercounty in the UK, on May 24, 1544, he went to grammar school, and then studiedmedicine at St. John's College, Cambridge, graduating in 1573. Later hetraveled in the continent and eventually settled down in London.

　　CHe was a very successful and eminent doctor. All this culminated in hiselection to the president of the Royal Science Society. He was also appointedthe personal physician to the Queen (Elizabeth I), and later knighted by theQueen. He faithfully served her until her death. However, he didn't outlive theQueen for long and died on December 10, 1603, only a few months after hisappointment as personal physician to King James.

　　DGilbert was first interested in chemistry but later changed his focus due tothe large portion of mysticism of alchemy involved (such as the trans-mutationof metal). He gradually developed his interest in physics after the great mindsof the ancient, particularly about the knowledge the ancient Greeks had aboutlodestones, strange minerals with the power to attract iron. In the meantime,Britain became a major seafaring nation in 1588 when the Spanish Armada wasdefeated, opening the way to British settlement of America. British shipsdepended on the magnetic compass, yet no one understood why it worked. Did thepole star attract it, as Columbus once speculated; or was there a magneticmountain at the pole, as described in Odyssey, which ships would neverapproach, because the sailors thought its pull would yank out all their ironnails and fittings? For nearly 20 years William Gilbert conducted ingeniousexperiments to understand magnetism. His works include On the Magnet andMagnetic Bodies, Great Magnet of the Earth.

　　EGilbert's discovery was so important to modern physics. He investigated thenature of magnetism and electricity. He even coined the word "electric".Though the early beliefs of magnetism were also largely entangled withsuperstitions such as that rubbing garlic on lodestone can neutralize itsmagnetism, one example being that sailors even believed the smell of garlicwould even interfere with the action of compass, which is why helmsmen wereforbidden to eat it near a ship's compass. Gilbert also found that metals canbe magnetized by rubbing materials such as fur, plastic or the like on them. Henamed the ends of a magnet "north pole" and "south pole".The magnetic poles can attract or repel, depending on polarity. In addition,however, ordinary iron is always attracted to a magnet. Though he started tostudy the relationship between magnetism and electricity, sadly he didn'tcomplete it. His research of static electricity using amber and jet onlydemonstrated that objects with electrical charges can work like magnetsattracting small pieces of paper and stuff. It is a French guy named du Faythat discovered that there are actually two electrical charges, positive andnegative.

　　FHe also questioned the traditional astronomical beliefs. Though a Copernican,he didn't express in his quintessential beliefs whether the earth is at thecenter of the universe or in orbit around the sun. However he believed thatstars are not equidistant from the earth, but have their own earth-like planetsorbiting around them. The earth is itself like a giant magnet, which is alsowhy compasses always point north. They spin on an axis that is aligned with theearth's polarity. He even likened the polarity of the magnet to the polarity ofthe earth and built an entire magnetic philosophy on this analogy. In hisexplanation, magnetism was the soul of the earth. Thus a perfectly sphericallodestone, when aligned with the earth's poles, would wobble all by itself in24 hours. Further, he also believed that suns and other stars wobble just likethe earth does around a crystal core, and speculated that the moon might alsobe a magnet caused to orbit by its magnetic attraction to the earth. This wasperhaps the first proposal that a force might cause a heavenly orbit.

　　GHis research method was revolutionary in that he used experiments rather thanpure logic and reasoning like the ancient Greek philosophers did. It was a newattitude toward scientific investigation. Until then, scientific experimentswere not in fashion. It was because of this scientific attitude, together withhis contribution to our knowledge of magnetism, that a unit of magneto motiveforce, also known as magnetic potential, was named Gilbert in his honor. Hisapproach of careful observation and experimentation rather than theauthoritative opinion or deductive philosophy of others had laid the veryfoundation for modern science.

　　参考答案：

　　小标题：

　　Questions1-7

　　Readingpassage I has seven paragraphs A-G

　　Choosethe correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

　　Writethe correct number i-x in boxes 7-7 on your answer sheet.

　　Listof Headings

　　i Early years of Gilbert

　　ii What was new about his scientific researchmethod

　　iii The development of chemistry

　　iv Questioning traditional astronomy

　　v Pioneers of the early science

　　vi Professional and social recognition

　　vii Becoming the president of the Royal ScienceSociety

　　viii The great works of Gilbert

　　ix His discovery about magnetism

　　x His change of focus

　　1 Paragraph A V

　　2 Paragraph B I

　　3 Paragraph C VI

　　4 Paragraph D X

　　5 Paragraph E IX

　　6 Paragraph F IV

　　7 Paragraph G II

　　判断题：

　　Questions8-10

　　Dothe following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage I?

　　Inboxes 8-10 on your answer sheet write

　　TRUE if the statement agreeswith the information

　　FALSE if the statement contradictsthe information

　　NOTGIVEN if there is noinformation on this

　　8He is less famous than he should be. TRUE

　　9He was famous as a doctor before he was employed by the Queen. TRUE

　　10He lost faith in the medical theories of his time. NOT GIVEN

　　多选题:

　　Questions11-13

　　ChooseTHREE letters A-F.

　　Writeyour answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.

　　WhichTHREE of the following are parts of Gilbert's discovery?

　　A Metal can be transformed into another. BGarlic can remove magnetism.

　　C Metals can be magnetized.

　　D Stars are at different distances from theearth.

　　E The earth wobbles on its axis.

　　F There are two charges of electricity.

　　(答案仅供参考)

　　参考答案：

　　段落细节匹配题：

　　14.a reference of a child involving in a study B

　　15.a mention fo a discovery of a significant artifact C

　　16.reasons why a particular aspect of music has not been researched D

　　17.a mention of an unexpected discovery of two different areas of brain G

　　18.a comparison of tone variation between humans and animals E

　　填空题：

　　A collaborative study by researchers in Oxfordand Montreal

　　DoctorJoyce Chan did a study with his colleagues. The participants in the test mustbe selected and needed to be in a good state of 19. health. During the test, theywere given 20.brain scans, while distinct rhythmswere being played. The previous findings show that music is helpful to some 21.disabled people. And this studyillustrated that the 22. hearing ability of those participants has got better. The study ofJoyce Chan is quite informative.

　　配对题：

　　AProfessor Norman Cook

　　BProfessor Robert Zea

　　CDr Joyce Chan

　　23.listening music is beneficial in solving speech defects. C

　　24.can enhance the ability of recognizing music characteristics. B

　　25.People listen to music in a similar way to noise. A

　　26.People feel positive from music just like animals feel positive to pleasantsound. A

　　(答案仅供参考)

　　参考文章：(真实文章与参考文章进行了一些同义替换，题目与旧题也进行了个别题目的修改)

　　Talc Powder

　　Peter Briggdiscovers how talc from Luzenac's Trimouns in France find its way into food andagricultural products - from chewing gum to olive oil.

　　High in the French Pyrenees, some 1 ,700m above sea level,lies Trimouns, a huge deposit of hydrated magnesium silicate - talc to you andme. Talc from Trimouns, and from ten other Luzenac mines across the globe, isused in the manufacture of a vast array of everyday products extending frompaper, paint and plaster to cosmetics, plastics and car tyres. And of coursethere is always talc's best known end use: talcum powder for babies' bottoms.But the true versatility of this remarkable mineral is nowhere better displayedthan in its sometimes surprising use in certain niche markets in the food andagriculture industries.

　　Take, for example, the chewing gum business. Every year, Talcde Luzenac France - which owns and operates the Trimouns mine and is a memberof the international Luzenac Group (part of Rio Tinto Minerals) - suppliesabout 6,000 tons of talc to chewing gum manufacturers in Europe. "We'vebeen selling to this sector of the market since the 1960s," says LaurentFournier, sales manager in Luzenac's Specialties business unit in Toulouse.Admittedly in terms of our total annual sales of talc, the amount we supply tochewing gum manufacturers is relatively small, but we see it as a valuableniche market: one where customers place a premium on securing supplies from areliable, high quality source. Because of this, long term allegiance to aproven supplier is very much a feature of this sector of the talc market."Switching sources - in the way that you might choose to buy, say,paperclips from Supplier A rather than from Supplier B - is not a easy option forchewing gum manufacturers," Fournier says. "The cost of reformulatingis high, so when customers are using a talc grade that works, even if it'sexpensive, they are understandably reluctant to switch."

　　But how is talc actually used in the manufacture of chewinggum? Patrick Delord, an engineer with a degree in agronomics, who has been withLuzenac for 22 years and is now senior market development manager, Agricultureand Food, in Europe, explains that chewing gum has four main components."The most important of them is the gum base," he says. "It's thegum base that puts the chew into chewing gum. It binds all the ingredientstogether, creating a soft, smooth texture. To this the manufacturer then addssweeteners, softeners and flavorings. Our talc is used as a filler in the gumbase. The amount varies between, say, ten and 35 per cent, depending on thetype of gum. Fruit flavored chewing gum, for example, is slightly acidic andwould react with the calcium carbonate that the manufacturer might otherwiseuse as a filler. Talc, on the other hand, makes an ideal filler because it'snon-reactive chemically. In the factory, talc is also used to dust the gum basepellets and to stop the chewing gum sticking during the lamination and packingprocesses," Delord adds.

　　The chewing gum business is, however, just one example oftalc's use in the food sector. Forthe past 20 years or so, olive oil processors in Spain have been takingadvantage of talc's unique characteristics to help them boost the amount of oilthey extract from crushed olives. According to Patrick Delord, talc isespecially useful for treating what he calls "difficult" olives.After the olives are harvested - preferably early in the morning because theirtaste is better if they are gathered in the cool of the day - they are taken tothe processing plant. There they are crushed and then stirred for 30-45minutes. In the old days, the resulting paste was passed through an olive pressbut nowadays it's more common to add water and centrifuge the mixture toseparate the water and oil from the solid matter. The oil and water are thenallowed to settle so that the olive oil layer can be decanted off and bottled."Difficult" olives are those that are more reluctant than the norm toyield up their full oil content. This may be attributable to the particularspecies of olive, or to its water content and the time of year the olives arecollected - at the beginning and the end of the season their water content isoften either too high or too low. These olives are easy to recognize becausethey produce a lot of extra foam during the stirring process, a consequence ofan excess of a fine solid that acts as a natural emulsifier. The oil in thisemulsion is lost when the water is disposed of. Not only that, if " thewaste water is disposed of directly into local fields - often the case in manysmaller processing operations - the emulsified oil may take some time tobiodegrade and so be harmful to the environment.

　　"If you add between a half and two per cent of talc byweight during the stirring process, it absorbs the natural emulsifier in theolives and so boosts the amount of oil you can extract," says Delord."In addition, talc's flat, 'platy' structure helps increase the size ofthe oil droplets liberated during stirring, which again improves the yield.However, because talc is chemically inert, it doesn't affect the color, taste,appearance or composition of the resulting olive oil."

　　If the use of talc in olive oil processing and in chewing gumis long established, new applications in the food and agriculture industriesare also constantly being sought by Luzenac. One such promising new market isfruit crop protection, being pioneered in the US. Just like people, fruit canget sunburned. In fact, in very sunny regions up to 45 per cent of a typicalcrop can be affected by heat stress and sunburn. However, in the case of fruit,it's not so much the ultra violet rays which harm the crop as the high surfacetemperature that the sun's rays create.

　　To combat this, farmers normally use either chemicals orspray a continuous fine canopy of mist above the fruit trees or bushes. Thetrouble is, this uses a lot of water - normally a precious commodity in hot,sunny areas - and it is therefore expensive. What's more, the ground canquickly become waterlogged. "So our idea was to coat the fruit with talcto protect it from the sun," says Greg Hunter, a marketing specialist whohas been with Luzenac for ten years. "But to do this, several technical challengeshad first to be overcome. Talc is very hydrophobic: it doesn't like water. Soin order to have a viable product we needed a wettable powder - something thatwould go readily into suspension so that it could be sprayed onto the fruit. Italso had to break the surface tension of the cutin (the natural waxy, waterproof layer on the fruit) and ofcourse it had to wash off easily when the fruit was harvested. Noone's going to want an apple that's covered in talc."

　　Initial trials in the State of Washington in 2003 showed thatwhen the product was sprayed onto Granny Smith apples, it reduced their surfacetemperature and lowered the incidence of sunburn by up to 60 per cent. Todaythe new product, known as Invelop® Maximum SPF, is in its second commercialyear on the US market. Apple growers are the primary target although Hunterbelieves grape growers represent another sector with long term potential. He isalso hopeful of extending sales to overseas markets such as Australia, SouthAmerica and southern Europe.

　　参考答案：

　　配对题：

　　Questions 27-32

　　Classify the following uses of talc power as referring to

　　A Chewing gummanufacture

　　B Olive oilextraction

　　C Fruit crop protection

　　Write the correct letter A, B or C in boxes 27-32 on youranswer sheet.

　　27help reduceharm to environment B

　　28 act asa barrier against harmful light C

　　29 increasethe quantity of the product extraction B

　　30 requiresalteration of talc’s characteristics C

　　31 makeshandling theproducts easier A

　　32 mergeswith some certain additives A

　　填空题：

　　Questions 33-38

　　Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS fromthe passage.

　　Write your answers in boxes 33-38 on your answer sheet.

　　Olive oil making process

　　The use of talc powder in olive oil industry in Spain hasbeen around for 3320 years. It is extremely useful in dealing with difficultolives which often produce a lot of 34 foamdue to the highcontent of solid matters.

　　The traditional method of oil extraction used in some smallerplants often produces 35 waste water, which contains emulsified oil, and if it is directlydisposed of it may be 36harmfulto the environment,because it cannot 37biodegrade . But adding talc power can absorb the emulsifier andincrease the production, because the size of oil 38dropletsgrows. (真实题目与该题目进行了个别词语和表达的同义替换，但题目意思一样。)

　　填空题：

　　Questions 39-40

　　Answer the questions below using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS fromthe passage for each answer.

　　Write your answers in boxes 39-40 on your answer sheet.

　　39 What are the last two stages of chewing gum manufacturingprocess? lamination, packing

　　40 Which group is the next to Invelop® maximum SPE? grape growers

　　(答案仅供参考)

　　写作部分

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