星期二是长沙启德考培的福利日，全能女神男神们会把最新鲜最给力的干货送给奋斗在考试第一线的同学们。上一期宋京老师和徐静老师给“烤鸭”们分享了雅思大作文的四种论证方法，错过的同学记得点击“启德考培长沙分校全能教师教研季、全能教师教研季—雅思听力篇、全能教师教研季—雅思写作篇”补回来哦。说完了雅思写作，当然也要照顾到参加托福考试的同学们，所以这次我们又迎来了托福写作组的诚意分享。

　　大家应该都知道，托福写作对同学们的语言组织能力和逻辑思维能力提出了更高的要求，综合写作部分要求不低于150词，整理阅读篇章和听力篇章的要点并阐释相互关系，而独立写作更是给出了在短短30分钟内写出至少300词的艰巨任务。

　　那么独立写作到底难在哪里呢?

　　很多同学不知道如何展开中间段，要么绞尽脑汁也挤不出恰当的观点，为了凑字数而记流水账，要么不会写例子，用老掉牙的梗来应付。而官方评分标准要求同学们给出“合理的解释、具体的例子和细节”来支撑自己的观点。因此要斩掉托福独立写作这只“拦路虎”，必须解决主体段的思路问题，学会运用正确的方法来进行论证，充实文章内容。

　　独立写作主体段其实并不难写，李璐老师带来了她的大杀器“TEEC模式”。

　　主体段展开的四个步骤：

　　主题句 T-Topic sentence

　　解释 E–Explanations

　　举例 E–Examples

　　总结 C—Conclusion

　　例证法好在哪里呢?

　　它可以调节字数，让文章变得生动具体，具有代入感和说服力。让考官点头称赞的例子必定有三个特点，即相关性、细节性和结论性，需要同学们加入具体信息和详细的修饰语。在此我们提供了三种典型的例证法供同学们使用。

　　一、特例

　　特例：名人事例(Einstein，Michael Jordan等)、自己或身边人的事例(myself, uncle, classmate, friends等)。

　　题目：坚持不懈很重要。

　　屌丝版本：A famous person tried many times to find the most important part of the greatest invention.

　　只有一句话，时间、地点、人物背景和行动统统没有，这样的论证根本无法说服阅卷人。

　　高富帅版本(以爱迪生发明灯泡为例)：

　　Thomas Edison tried over 1,500 materials to figure out the most suitable material to serve as the filament in the light bulb.The light notes that he wrote about his research extended to 40,000 pages,and he kept trying instead of giving up.He acquired new knowledge from each failure,which helped him eventually discover the proper material .There is no doubt that Edison's experience teaches us that failure is simply part of the process leading to personal success.

　　自己或身边人的例子：

　　题目：the best way for parents to teach their children about responsibility is to have them care for an animal

　　论证(拿虚构的同学Tom说明养宠物如何占用宝贵的学习时间)：

　　Further,feeding animals will disrupt a child's regular study time(主题句). Frequently the children may put more of his time and energy into his beloved pets rather than his seemingly boring studies(解释说明). For example,I have a classmate named Tom who received a small golden retriever as a birthday present three months ago.Since then, Tom's time after class has been greatly occupied. Now,the thing he looks forward to most after school is feeding and walking the dog which,on average,will take more than two hours of his day. Meanwhile,his schoolwork,which he wasn't interested in before anyway,has to be squeezed into one hour a day(特例).

　　李璐老师讲完特例论证法后，按照惯例，第二部分的讲解老师随机抽取，这次中彩条件是水瓶座，有多年写作教学经验的郑丽霞老师闪亮登场，用生动幽默的语言为大家讲述了另外两种论证方法。

　　二、范例

　　范例分为普遍现象和某一群体的行为，它和特例法可以互相转换。

　　题目：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement: Nowadays, young people are more independent than before.

　　特例法(cousin John)论证：

　　The easier and wider education access makes young people more independent(主题句). For example, my cousin John who is 18 years old is studying in USA. Before he studied abroad, he relied heavily on his parents and he even didn’t know how to do the laundry. Now he can handle all his daily chores thanks to the oversea study experience(特例).

　　范例法(teenagers)论证：

　　The easier and wider education access makes young people more independent(主题句). For example, numerous teenagers go abroad and study overseas. In the new strange circumstance, they have to solve all the problems they confront mainly by themselves. Such experience will certainly strengthen their independence(范例).

　　使用更加宽泛的主体和概括性的动词，我们就可以把特例变成范例，怎么样，是不是很简单呢?

　　三、调查研究

　　来源：权威人士或机构的调查报告：

　　模式：主体+调查对象+调查结论

　　句型：

　　A recent/the latest survey/study can prove (back up) my point. The survey (study), conducted by 调查主体 , after polling (following) 调查对象( aged between… and…),has found that most (a significant percentage of) respondents claimed that 调查结论.

　　题目： Do you agree or disagree with the statement ?People can take care of their family members better when they live in big cites than in the countryside.

　　论证(用上海市教育局调查数据说明“城市为孩子提供更好的教育环境”)：

　　According to the latest survey conducted by Ministry of Education in Shanghai(调查主体),after following its major educational institutes(调查对象) ,there are 56 kindergartens,43 primary schools,77 middle schools and 10 universities(调查结论). Additionally,every district in the city has its own library.All these educational resources provide children with a chance for an excellent education very conveniently.As far as I know,the situation in other cities of my country is similar.Thus,it is obvious that living in cities is generally beneficial for the growth of society's young members.

　　光说不练假把式，学以致用才是知识的归宿，请大家用特例、范例、调查研究三种论证方法分别写一段，完成下面这道题目吧：

　　Some people prefer to buy technological devices as soon as they are available to the public. Others people prefer to wait until many people have used them. Which do you prefer?

　　托福独立写作举例论证的分享就到此结束了，希望同学们能把这些方法用到考场上去，下次长沙启德考培将带来托福阅读组的干货，尽请期待哦!~

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